Mandibular osteomyelitis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient with chronic prednisolone abuse: A case report

Mandibular osteomyelitis is a severe inflammatory condition affecting the jawbone, often linked to chronic infections and immunosuppression. This case report highlights a 35-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis who developed mandibular osteomyelitis with a parotid abscess following prolonged corticosteroid use without medical supervision. Clinical evaluation revealed multiple draining sinuses, facial swelling, and trismus. Imaging confirmed an ill-defined lobulated soft tissue lesion involving the right parotid gland with cortical erosion of the mandible. Laboratory findings indicated anemia and neutrophilia, while culture showed no growth. The patient was treated with antibiotic therapy, steroid tapering, and supportive care. This case underscores the role of long-term corticosteroid abuse as a significant risk factor for osteomyelitis, emphasizing the need for monitoring steroid dosage, patient education, and regular follow-up to prevent severe complications.