Spatial and Functional Heterogeneity in Regional Resilience: A GIS-Based Analysis of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Mega Region

The Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Mega Region (CCEMR), as a strategic economic hub in Western China, is increasingly facing challenges in balancing urban growth, agricultural stability, and ecological conservation within its territorial spatial planning framework. This study addresses the critical need to integrate multidimensional resilience assessment into China’s territorial spatial planning system. A framework for functional resilience assessment was developed through integrated GIS spatial analysis, with three resilience dimensions explicitly aligned to China’s “Three Zones and Three Lines” (referring to urban, agricultural, and ecological space and spatial control lines) territorial planning system: urban resilience was evaluated using KL-TOPSIS ranking, where weights were derived from combined Delphi expert consultation and AHP; agricultural resilience was quantified through the entropy method for weight determination and GIS raster calculation; and ecological resilience was assessed via a Risk–Recovery–Potential (RRP) model integrating Ecosystem Risk, Recovery Capacity (ERC), and Service Value (ESV) metrics, implemented through GIS spatial analysis and raster operations. Significant spatial disparities emerge, with only 1.29% of CCEMR exhibiting high resilience (concentrated in integrated urban–ecological zones like Chengdu). Rural and mountainous areas demonstrate moderate-to-low resilience due to resource constraints, creating misalignments between resilience patterns and current territorial spatial zoning schemes. These findings provide scientific evidence for optimizing the delineation of the Three Major Spatial Patterns: urbanized areas, major agricultural production zones, and ecological functional zones. In this research, a transformative methodology is established for translating resilience diagnostics directly into territorial spatial planning protocols. By bridging functional resilience assessment with statutory zoning systems, this methodology enables the following: (1) data-driven resilience construction for the Three Major Spatial Patterns (urbanized areas, major agricultural production zones, and ecological functional zones); (2) strategic infrastructure prioritization; and (3) enhanced cross-jurisdictional coordination mechanisms. The framework positions spatial planning as a proactive tool for adaptive territorial governance without requiring plan revision.