The intestinal metabolome as a distinct marker for the development of cardiovascular pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, especially in developed countries. In recent years, researchers have focused on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the development and progression of CVD. The gut microbiota produces various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, which can influence the cardiovascular system. TMAO, derived from dietary components (choline, carnitine), is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and thrombosis. High levels of TMAO correlate with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In contrast, SCFAs have anti-inflammatory properties, improve endothelial function, and reduce the risk of CVD. Secondary bile acids and tryptophan derivatives also play an important role in regulating inflammation and vascular function. Research suggests that modulating the microbiota through diet, probiotics, and prebiotics could be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the study of the intestinal metabolome opens new opportunities for identifying biomarkers and developing personalized strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.