Impact of Denture Cleansers on the Properties of Green-synthesized Titanium Dioxide-enhanced Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study

IntroductIonNanotechnology focuses on manipulating matter at the nanoscale, specifically within dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm.Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have traditionally been synthesized using physical and chemical techniques.However, these conventional methods are associated with significant limitations, including high costs, toxic byproducts, and safety concerns stemming from the high energy and pressure requirements.Biosynthesis, which follows a bottom-up approach, relies on reduction or oxidation reactions to generate NPs.This ecofriendly alternative aligns with the principles of green chemistry. 1n recent years, plant-mediated synthesis of NPs has gained prominence as a sustainable and efficient approach.Plant extracts serve as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents during the biosynthesis process.This method is advantageous due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and the diversity of plant bioactive metabolites. 2Among these, Azadirachta indica (commonly known as neem) has emerged as a promising candidate for NP synthesis.Neem leaves are rich in secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which contribute to their well-documented