Comparing the Effects of User Preference and Experience When Using Passive Low Back Exoskeletons on Physical and Cognitive Load While Performing Simulated Manufacturing Tasks

Low-back passive exoskeletons have been introduced in manufacturing settings as personal protective equipment (PPE) with the intent to prevent back injuries. However, the effects of user preference and experience on physical and cognitive demands are still unclear. This study aimed to (1) evaluate users’ physical and cognitive responses to different passive low back exoskeletons while performing simulated manufacturing tasks and (2) compare users’ performance with their preferred exoskeletons after training. Twenty-four participants performed simulated manufacturing tasks for the intended use of the exoskeleton (lifting) and unrelated use (walking and drilling) without an exoskeleton and with four commercially available exoskeletons. The data presented in this paper analyzed a subset of data from one simulated manufacturing task (lifting). Over 70% of the participants benefited from at least one exoskeleton when performing the lifting task. Thirteen (54%) of the participants chose an exoskeleton that decreased muscle activation in the erector spinae (up to 20%) and/or the gluteus maximus (up to 10%). The most common deciding factors when the participants ranked the exoskeletons included support, comfort, and range of motion. However, the participants had different criteria for selecting a preferred exoskeleton. The knowledge gained from this research might lead to improved exoskeleton design and the development of new training protocols that ensure the safety and well-being of users.