Temperature mapping in urban biomes using an infrared thermometer: an investigative approach to physics education

Abstract In recent years, the frequency of extreme weather events on Earth has significantly increased. This phenomenon is driven by the intensification of the greenhouse effect caused by anthropogenic activities, which leads to temperature variations in urban environments that affect thermal comfort and quality of life. Given this context, the present study investigates temperature mapping in urban biomes using an infrared thermometer, conducted as part of a hands-on workshop offered during the 21st National Science and Technology Week. The initiative involved students from the public school system, and was grounded in physics education, aiming to foster scientific enculturation. Participants engaged in a problem-based learning experience, actively contributing to all stages of the knowledge-construction process. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence of vegetation and its impact on temperature in urban environments. A qualitative and quantitative methodological approach was adopted, enabling the identification of scientific literacy indicators, such as information sequencing, data organisation, logical reasoning, hypothesis formulation, justification, and explanation of observed phenomena. The analysis of the students’ statements and activity guidelines provided insights into their critical thinking development. The findings indicated that students developed essential skills for understanding physical and environmental phenomena, effectively linking collected data to scientific concepts, and proposing well-supported interpretations. Moreover, experience reinforced the perception of science as a dynamic and investigative process, fostering curiosity and enhancing students’ argumentative abilities. Thus, the workshop proved to be an effective strategy for promoting scientific literacy and engaging participants in the study of environmental impact in urban contexts.