One-Step Preparation of Hierarchical Structured Nanofibers Using Coaxial Electrospinning for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanofibers with unique structures and functions can be prepared in one step by using coaxial electrospinning technology. In recent years, with in-depth research on polymer properties and spinning parameters, it has been possible to flexibly synthesize nanofibers with diverse internal structures, including core–shell, hollow, and porous structures, by adjusting the shape and structure of spinnerets. These special structures of nanofibers significantly enhance their performances and practical values, especially in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), where they are used to solve problems such as the low capacity and volume expansion of electrode materials as well as the safety of separator materials. This article describes the advantages of coaxial electrospinning technology in the one-step preparation of nanofibers with various structures, summarizes the application of this technology in electrode materials, separators, and electrolytes for LIBs, highlights the promotion of the LIB performance by nanofibers with unique structures (such as core–shell, hollow, porous, and multilayer), identifies possibilities for achieving nanostructures through coaxial electrospinning, and looks forward to its future research directions and application prospects in LIBs.