The nutritional value of Chrysomya albiceps larvae and pupae as alternative protein sources

Abstract As human population continues to increase, the demand for protein sources has risen significantly. Insects have emerged as a promising alternative protein source. This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional values of both larval and pupal stages of Chrysomya albiceps ( C. albiceps ) as well as the feed intake (FI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). C. albiceps adults were identified based on morphological characteristics, followed by further molecular identification, reared under controlled laboratory conditions and provided with sugar solution, a protein-milk mixture, and fresh chicken liver for oviposition and larval nourishment. First-instar larvae were divided into three replicates and reared on chicken liver. Morphometric measurements were recorded across larval development. Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were assessed during the third instar. Larvae and pupae were subjected to drying to determine dry matter content and proximate analysis (including crude protein, fat, fibre and ash). Nutritional composition was further evaluated for amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids using standardized AOAC and instrumental methods (e.g. ICP-MS and GC-MS). Results comparing the larval and pupal stages of C. albiceps with Sarcophaga dux and other protein sources, revealed that C. albiceps offer higher protein and amino acid content with favorable proximate analysis. However, their mineral and fatty acid levels are lower than soy oil and beef, but higher than its level observed in previous studied insects. In general, by incorporating insect protein into diets, we can address the rising demand for protein in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.