Regenerative Endodontics in Pakistan: A Survey of Dental Specialists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) among dental clinicians in Pakistan. The focus was on understanding clinicians’ knowledge of REPs, their perceptions of its efficacy compared to traditional methods, and their practical approaches to managing immature necrotic permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 178 dental clinicians from various specialties, including endodontics, Pediatric dentistry, Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, Periodontics, Oral Surgeons and general practice. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices related to REPs. Statistical analysis was performed to identify trends and significant associations.Results: The survey revealed that 66.3% of participants believed there is sufficient evidence supporting REPs, and 83.1% considered REPs superior to apexification. Most clinicians (73.6%) preferred REPs over Osseo-integrated implants for managing immature necrotic permanent teeth, though 58.4% would refer these cases to endodontists. For disinfection, 41% favoured a combination of antibiotics and calcium hydroxide, while 48.3% relied on clinical guidelines from the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and published literature for their protocols. Despite high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes towards REPs, practical gaps were identified, indicating a need for further training and standardized clinical guidelines.Conclusion: Dental clinicians in Pakistan exhibit good knowledge and positive attitudes towards REPs. However, practical implementation shows variability, underscoring the need for enhanced education and standardized protocols to ensure optimal clinical outcomes in regenerative endodontics.