<i>seco</i>-Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Leaves of <i>Dysoxylum gotadhora</i>

Thirteen new 3,4-<i>seco</i>-tirucallane triterpenoids (<b>1-11</b>, <b>15</b>, <b>16</b>), along with one new 2,3-<i>seco</i>-tirucallane triterpenoid (<b>17</b>), one new 3,4-<i>seco</i>-29-nor-tirucallane triterpenoid (<b>12</b>), one new 3,4-<i>seco</i>-28,29-dinor-tirucallane triterpenoid (<b>13</b>), and a known tirucallane analogue (<b>14</b>) were isolated from leaves of <i>Dysoxylum gotadhora.</i> These triterpenoids were structurally determined by spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD data. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that compounds <b>4</b> and <b>11</b> exhibited moderate activity against HCT-116 and DLD-1 cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.7 to 4.4 μM. The Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining assay indicated that both <b>4</b> and <b>11</b> induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies showed that compounds <b>6</b>, <b>9</b>, <b>10</b>, and <b>17</b> exhibited suppression effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 17.1 ± 3.3 to 49.8 ± 6.5 μM.