Unlocking corporate green governance capabilities in China: A supply chain-oriented evaluation based on an improved FBWM-CoCoSo method

This study develops a framework consisting of normative, leadership, and sustainable capabilities to evaluate corporate green governance capabilities (CGGC) in supply chains. The Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (FBWM) is used to determine indicator weights, and the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method is applied to rank firm performance in the Yangtze River Delta from 2014 to 2022. Results show low but improving governance levels with notable differences across regions and enterprise types. Leadership capabilities are more affected by external shocks. State-owned and high-pollution firms perform better, while non-state and labor-intensive firms improve more rapidly. The study contributes methodological and practical insights.