Research on contract selection for collaborative innovation in China's photovoltaic industry supply chain from the perspective of supply-demand imbalance

Based on the perspective of supply-demand imbalance, this article constructs a collaborative innovation decision-making model for the photovoltaic industry supply chain using differential game theory. It analyzes two different decision-making scenarios: decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making, and focuses on studying the impact of cost sharing contracts under decentralized decision-making and revenue sharing contracts under centralized decision-making on the decision-making behavior of photovoltaic industry supply chain entities. Research has found that: 1) The supply-demand imbalance coefficient affects the pricing of photovoltaic silicon wafer suppliers. 2) In the case of decentralized decision-making, considering the cost sharing contract situation in the photovoltaic industry supply chain system can better optimize the profit value and innovation level of each subject in the photovoltaic industry supply chain. 3) The benefit sharing contract under centralized decision-making is more effective than the cost sharing contract under decentralized decision-making.