Religious Extremism, Political Extremism: An Analysis of Phenomena and Implications

This study examines, from both theological and sociological perspectives, the convergence of religious extremism and political extremism in contemporary Korean society and its broader social implications. In stark contrast to the Christian tradition of love, forgiveness, and solidarity, certain far-right evangelical groups have forged alliances with political extremist forces to disseminate disinformation, propagate hate speech, and perpetuate exclusionary discourses— thereby gravely undermining the foundations of democracy and social cohesion. First, the research delineates the conceptual definitions and structural characteristics of religious and political extremism. Second, it analyzes the socio-historical conditions—such as the rapid advancement of information technologies, socio-economic insecurities, and crises of collective identity—that facilitate their mutual reinforcement. Third, it illustrates, through domestic case studies, the concrete consequences of this alliance, including the entrenchment of societal polarization, institutionalization of minority discrimination, erosion of democratic public spheres, and heightened risks of violence and terrorism. Finally, adopting the framework of public theology and public ministry, the study proposes strategic responses encompassing ecclesial self-reflection, structural reform, inclusive faith practices, and the proliferation of counter-hate discourse. The study concludes that Korean Christianity can make a substantive contribution to the restoration of democracy and the promotion of social integration only when it transcends partisanship and exclusivism to embody universal civic virtues of justice, peace, and solidarity.