Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Composition in n-Hexane Oil Extract from Jathropa gossypiifolia Seeds Using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) Method

With its tropical climate, Indonesia is a home to many Jatropha gossypiifolia plants, which are often underutilized and considered as weeds by the public. This plant contains various active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, lignans, phenolics, flavonoids, curcin, triterpenes, diterpenes, jatrophone, cyclogossine A, steroids, sugars, amino acids, proteins, coumarins, and fatty acids. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolite composition of n-hexane oil extracts from raw and roasted J. gossypiifolia seeds using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) methods. The extraction was carried out using n-hexane to obtain the oil from both raw and roasted seeds, and the compositions were analyzed using GC-MS. Chromatogram results showed 14 active peaks from the roasted seed extract and 27 peaks from the raw seed extract. For roasted seeds, the main components are ethyl 9,12-octadecadienoate (30.17%), (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadien-1-ol (19.59%), ethyl octadec-9-enoate (10.51%), ethyl ester of docosanoic acid (9.88%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (7.75%), and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (4.14%). For raw seeds, the primary components are 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (16.08%), undecane, 5-ethyl- (9.43%), benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl- (8.82%), 1-nonadecene (7.83%), 6,11-hexadecadien-1-ol (6.37%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (6.32%), and nonanamide (5.96%). The differences in secondary metabolite compositions between raw and roasted seeds indicate significant chemical changes during the roasting process. The main components found in the oil extracts of J. gossypiifolia seeds have potential benefits for various applications. This research provides essential information on the potential utilization of J. gossypiifolia seeds in health and industry fields.