Role of Kisspeptin in Human Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of kisspeptin in human female reproduction.The review was registered with INPLASY under registration number INPLASY202530012.Google Scholar and PubMed were used for the literature search.Original work, in the English language only, from any time since kisspeptin was discovered, on human females was included in this review.Exclusion criteria were review articles and studies on human males and animals.Fifteen articles were covered in this review.Eleven studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two studies were non-randomized studies of intervention (NRSI), and two studies were cross-sectional studies.Four RCTs and one NRSI found that kisspeptin could increase luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in healthy women, women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA).Two RCTs found that kisspeptin increased LH surge, but continuous stimulation led to tachyphylaxis in HA patients.Three RCTs found that kisspeptin could result in ovarian maturation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients.One NRSI also found that kisspeptin augmented gonadotropin receptor gene expression.Two cross-sectional studies found high levels of kisspeptin in serum and follicular fluid of successful IVF patients.Two RCTs could even find increased LH surge in healthy women and in patients with PCOS and HA with the use of kisspeptin agonist MVT-602.For risk of bias, RoB-2 was used for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSI.Kisspeptin peptides and agonists can cause ovulation induction and gonadotropin release and play a role in IVF.