Measurement of the re-entrant all-electron spectrum by the High-Energy Particle Detector on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Interactions of primary cosmic rays with residual atmospheric nuclei produce secondary leptons through the decay chain of short-lived pions. Even though generated with an upward direction, a fraction of these secondary electrons and positrons is bent back downward towards the Earth by the geomagnetic field lines (hence they are called re-entrant albedo). In this paper, we report on a new measurement of the re-entrant all-electron differential flux in the energy range 10-100 MeV, performed by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) in the near-equatorial region at about 500 km altitude between 2018 and 2022. This analysis focuses on the re-entrant all-electron spectrum that covers the low energy interval in a geographical region characterized by a substantial lack of recent experimental data and can contribute to a more accurate definition of secondary electron and positron population distribution and refine the radiation models in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Authors
- Simona Zoffoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-9051)
- G. Osteria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-8103)
- S. Ricciarini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-3368)
- V. Scotti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-3990)
- D. Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1504-9707)
- R. Battiston (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7239)
- A. Oliva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6170)
- M. Sorbara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3996-0370)
- Z. Sahnoun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-2003)
- C. Neubüser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-8404)
- S. Amoroso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-0447)
- F. Perfetto
- Alessandro Sotgiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-2796)
- M. Martucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-4824)
- A. Contin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-5700)
- Umberto Savino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-2444)
- F. Nozzoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7947)
- Alessio Perinelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5603-3950)
- Veronica Vilona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9419)
- Giuseppe Gebbia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-7416)
- Marco Mese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-3542)
- М. Мерге (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-4236)
- M. Lolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9167-681X)
- M. Ricci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-4894)
- M. Pozzato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-5436)
- Leonardo Ricci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9454-0988)
- Silvia Pietroni
- Riccardo Nicolaidis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-8484)
- P. Cipollone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-290X)
- B. Panico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-6961)
- A. Lega (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0524)
- C. De Santis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-2446)
- L. Conti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2966-2000)
- C. De Donato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-1281)
- S. Bartocci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-8621)
- R. Sparvoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-6117)
- P. Zuccon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-754X)
- P. Picozza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-3321)
- P. Ubertini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-0261)
- W.J. Burger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-6354)
- Francesco Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-8830)
- R. Iuppa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-2762)
- S. Beolè (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-8038)
- M. Cristoforetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-1342)
- F. M. Follega (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-9560)
- M. V. Suresh Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-1568)
- E. Ricci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-9976)
- G. Masciantonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-1561)
- A. Di Luca
Publication Details
- Journal
- Astroparticle Physics
- Published
- 2025-09-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2025.103170
- Primary Topic
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00