Dual Disruption of Embryonic Angiogenesis by Hyperglycemia: Structural and Hemodynamic Alterations Revealed via <scp>OCT</scp> Angiography and Biospeckle Imaging in the Chick <scp>CAM</scp> Model

Our findings demonstrate that embryonic hyperglycemia leads to widespread vascular simplification and hemodynamic dysfunction, driven by oxidative stress and disrupted VEGF signaling. Unlike adult diabetic vasculopathy, the embryonic response involves global, not focal, vascular defects. This work establishes a novel multimodal imaging framework for studying developmental angiogenesis and lays the groundwork for future investigations into therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic embryopathy.