Pressure-Velocity Coupling Algorithms in Nanofluid Forced Convection: A Comprehensive Evaluation

In the present paper, developing laminar forced convection flows was numerically investigated by using DW and nanofluids at different volume fractions under the conditions of Tin = 293 K and Re = 1050. The volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles were in the range of 1-4vol%. Meanwhile, four simulation algorithms were utilized such as SIMPLE, SIMPLEC, PISO and Coupled to examine the heat transfer properties. The 3D circular pipe was heated under a constant heat flux of 5000 W/m2. The validation results indicated that the SIMPLEC and PISO algorithms exhibited lower errors, while the SIMPLE and Coupled algorithms showed higher errors in predicting heat transfer. Furthermore, the use of 4 vol% nanofluid with the Coupled algorithm resulted in higher heat transfer and pressure loss increments of 9.3% and 8.6%, respectively.