Collaborative decision-making for integrated energy systems based on A-ADMM: A multi-subject low-carbon optimization and dynamic hydrogen pricing mechanism

In integrated energy system (IES), there is a complex cooperation and competition between subjects. Achieving fair distribution of benefits has been the core challenge in operation of systems. Existing research has paid insufficient attention to the game and benefit distribution of multi-subject within the system, resulting in the lack of an effective balance between individual benefits and overall benefits, making it difficult to achieve overall optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-subject collaborative decision-making mechanism for IES based on low-carbon optimization and dynamic hydrogen pricing. By establishing low-carbon optimization model with multi-agent cooperation to maximize the economic benefits in energy supply chain. Meanwhile, it proposes a dynamic hydrogen pricing mechanism to regulate hydrogen production and consumption by correlating hydrogen prices with real-time market electricity prices. Furthermore, the Nash negotiation model for the cooperative operation of multi-subject in IES is transformed into two sub-problems: alliance benefit maximization and energy trading payment negotiation, aiming at balancing the individual benefits while maximizing the alliance benefits. Moreover, to protect the privacy of participating subject, Adaptive Alternating Direction Multiplier Method is adopted to solve the multi-subject cooperative operation problem. Results show that the proposed strategy not only optimizes the operational strategy of each subject, but also effectively deals with the inefficiency problem of resource allocation under uncertain environment. At this time, the overall economic benefits of IES in the six typical scenarios increased by 62832.02¥, 66181.50¥, 95399.22¥, 51151.43¥, 41021.50¥ and 45484.21¥, respectively. • Carbon trading and dynamic hydrogen pricing mechanisms were developed. • A low-carbon optimization model with multi-subject cooperation was established. • The alliance benefit and trading payment negotiation subproblem was proposed. • The A-ADMM was used to ensure the flexibility and privacy of the IES. • This strategy improved the efficiency of IES resource allocation.