STRENGTHENING EXPORT CONTROL REGIMES TO COUNTER EMERGING SECURITY THREATS: LESSONS FROM UKRAINE’S EXPERIENCE

This article demonstrates the circumvention of international export control regimes in nowadays conflicts through the diversion of dual-use and commercially available technologies, using the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine as a case study.Based on legal and policy analysis of weapon systems deployed by Russian Federation against Ukraine (including DPRK-and Iranian-manufactured weapons), battlefield intelligence, and open sources, the article identifies specific weaknesses in multilateral control lists and national enforcement mechanisms.It investigates the role of the third-country in supply chains, insufficient end-user verification, and active usage of commercially available components in military items.The findings represent a set of policy recommendations to strengthen international export control legislation, including control lists, enhance protocols of verification, and arrange better coordination between governments and the private sector.The article shows the necessity of changes in export control thinking in accordance with the demands of modern challenges such as hybrid warfare and emerging technologies.