Technologies for the longitudinal management of bipolar disorder: advances and challenges

Bipolar disorder is a severe and enduring mental health disorder characterized by recurrent fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior. The global prevalence of bipolar disorder is estimated to be between 1% and 2%, not accounting for underdiagnosis. Given the importance of this condition and its management, we aimed to review the evidence as to whether digital technologies facilitate the management of bipolar disorder. Searches conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases identified 33 studies, including 19 longitudinal studies, 11 cross-sectional studies, and 2 mixed-methods studies. We conclude that, for healthcare professionals, the acceptance of technologies seems to depend on their efficient integration into the workflow and the reliability of the tools. Patients, in turn, show increasing interest in using technologies to manage bipolar disorder; however, digital literacy, economic limitations, and concerns regarding security, privacy, and accessibility still limit their adoption and long-term adherence. In the scientific domain, methodological challenges, such as small sample sizes in studies and the need for more robust research, indicate that gaps remain in validating the effectiveness of these technologies. Meanwhile, technology development companies require stronger scientific foundations for development, highlighting the importance of collaboration among researchers, healthcare professionals, and industry to ensure tools that meet clinical demands.