ANATOMICAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PATHOGENESIS OF CERVICAL OSTEOCHONDROSIS: MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the anatomicalphysiological foundations of the cervical spine and modern aspects of osteochondrosis pathogenesis.The aim of the study is to systematize modern scientific approaches to understanding the structural-functional features of the cervical spine, molecular mechanisms of degenerative changes development, and their clinical manifestations.The unique anatomical features of the cervical spine are examined, including the specialized structure of the atlanto-axial complex, morphology of intervertebral discs, features of the ligamentous apparatus, and neurovascular organization.The multifactorial pathogenesis of osteochondrosis at the molecular level is analyzed in detail, including disruption of extracellular matrix homeostasis, activation of inflammatory cascades through NF-B, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, development of oxidative stress, and accelerated cellular aging with SASP-phenotype formation.Clinical manifestations of the disease are systematized from local nociceptive syndrome to complex compressive neurological disorders, including Vda a perspektivy 8(51) 2025