TRADITIONAL WATER SUPPLY NETWORK AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN THE OLD CITY OF HERAT

This study examines the topography of the Old City of Herat to reconstruct the traditional water supply network and drainage system that are no longer in use. The analysis indicates that the historical water supply network originated from canal water in the northeast corner and ran through the four quarters, connecting cisterns based on the topography. Conversely, the traditional drainage system was organized within each quarter, with rainwater and wastewater directed to over 80 ditches across the Old City. Here, wastewater either infiltrated into the ground or was discharged through terracotta pipes to the moat outside the city wall.