Integrating entrepreneurship education into STEM curricula in global South higher education institutions

This study explores the integration of entrepreneurship education (EE) into STEM curricula in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Global South. Given the intertwined nature of STEM and entrepreneurship, this study explores the current practices, perceived outcomes, and challenges associated with EE integration, assessing its potential to enhance innovation, problem-solving abilities, and employability among STEM students. A two-phase multimethod approach was employed, utilising a qualitative framework anchored in a narrative literature review and qualitative data collection from online academic networks. Data were gathered through structured searches of established databases and online academic communities. A netnographic approach facilitated insights from discussions within key academic forums, with text-mining methodologies such as Topic Modelling and Sentiment Analysis applied for systematic data analysis. The findings indicate that HEIs in the Global South utilise interdisciplinary courses, project-based learning, case studies, and industry partnerships to foster an entrepreneurial mindset that aligns with market demand. While the integration of EE yields benefits such as increased innovation and foundational skills development, notable challenges persist, especially resource constraints and curriculum overload. Furthermore, among the institutions, there is a significant emphasis on developing innovation and problem-solving skills, and less on venture creation and networking skills. This study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary courses and industry partnerships in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in STEM education. However, addressing resource constraints and curriculum overload is essential for maximising the benefits of EE integration. By tackling these challenges, HEIs can equip students with the comprehensive skill set required to thrive in a rapidly changing economic environment.