A literature review of approaches to structural integrity assessment using FBG and PZT sensors

The application of structural health monitoring (SHM) helps ensure that civil infrastructure stays safe, reliable and efficient in the long run. The study examines and compares fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and piezoelectric (PZT) sensors to monitor structures such as beams and slabs made of reinforced concrete. Key parameters like strain, temperature and vibrations can be evaluated in real time by both sensors. The document discusses what makes these sensors possible, their settings, benefits, limitations and how they work inside concrete. One has to pay special attention to how sensitive sensors are, installation problems and gathering data. Moreover, the study goes over case studies and points out important strategies and behaviour under pressure. Implicitly, integrating FBG and PZT sensors with structural elements allows watching and understanding the structure throughout each stage of its life. With this approach, predictive maintenance is possible, structures are safer and development of advanced, adaptable SHM systems for widespread use becomes easier.