The Double Burden: Women Balancing Formal Employment and Caregiving in Assam

In Assam, women's participation in the formal workforce has witnessed significant growth in recent years, reflecting progress toward achieving gender equality in the state. Despite these advances, women continue to bear the primary responsibility for caregiving within their households, a phenomenon commonly referred to as the "double burden." This dual responsibility requires women to juggle their professional roles with caregiving duties, such as childcare, eldercare, and household management. Such demands not only take a toll on women's well-being but also have wider social and economic consequences, influencing their mental health, career growth, and overall quality of life. This paper delves into the experiences of Assamese working women navigating the challenges posed by the double burden. Assam’s unique cultural heritage plays a significant role in shaping and reinforcing deeply entrenched gender norms, particularly the positioning of women as primary caregivers. This role is not merely a reflection of universal gender expectations but is deeply rooted in the region’s oral traditions, festivals, and folk narratives. For instance, during the Rongali Bihu festival, women are traditionally responsible for preparing elaborate meals, brewing pithas and larus, and managing household affairs, while men often participate in outdoor performances and community events.