Proportion and related factors of depression and anxiety for patients with pulmonary nodules in China: a outpatient-based cross-sectional study

Investigating the proportion of depression and anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules (PNs) and exploring the factors influencing them may help to optimize PNs management protocols and guide clinical decision-making. This study employed a cross-sectional design and included 260 patients attending the hospital's outpatient clinic. The assessment of depression and anxiety in patients with PNs was conducted using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), respectively. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. The factors influencing depression and anxiety in patients with PNs were analyzed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. The proportion of depression and anxiety in patients with PNs was 23.46% and 31.54%, respectively. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 7.343, 95%CI: 3.231-16.687) and loss of appetite (OR = 3.432, 95%CI: 1.474-7.991) were identified as independent risk factors for depression. The history of occupational exposure (OR = 4.154, 95%CI: 1.089-15.844), insomnia (OR = 4.162, 95% CI: 2.119-8.175), loss of appetite (OR = 2.326, 95%CI: 1.013-5.341), and chest tightness (OR = 3.155, 95% CI: 1.392-7.149) were significant independent predictors of anxiety. This study demonstrates that depression and anxiety are common with PNs in traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Insomnia and loss of appetite are independent risk factors for depression. History of occupational exposure, insomnia, loss of appetite, and chest tightness are independent risk factors for anxiety. Therefore, medical workers should pay close attention to the mood changes of these high-risk patients.