A Novel Approach to Enamel Remineralization of White Spot Lesions Using Nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the remineralization potential of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO‐NPs) alone and when added to conventional remineralization agents. One hundred and eighty teeth were randomly divided into six groups ( n = 30), with each group assigned to a specific remineralization agent: control (no product used), MgO‐NPs with glycerol gel, Oral‐B Repair, GC Tooth Mousse Plus, Oral‐B Repair/MgO‐NPs, and GC Tooth Mousse Plus/MgO‐NPs. The MgO‐NPs were characterized by using x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The teeth were artificially demineralized and then remineralized, with all samples undergoing assessments for surface roughness, microhardness, quantitative elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results were recorded at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The characterization showed a reduction in crystallite size and area, and that the chemical properties remained consistent. MgO‐NPs alone and added to other remineralization agents demonstrated the most mineral deposition and remineralization potential. The enamel of all tested agents was significantly harder, had less surface roughness, and exhibited higher mineral deposition than the demineralized enamel. MgO‐NPs, both alone and as an additive to the other tested agents, were effective in remineralizing the enamel layer, reducing surface roughness, and improving enamel microhardness.