A Review On Advances in Methylene Blue Dye Removal Using Activated Carbons

Methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye widely used in textiles, poses significant environmental risks due to its persistence and toxicity in wastewater. Activated carbons (ACs) have emerged as highly effective adsorbents for MB removal due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and functional group diversity. This review synthesizes advancements in MB dye removal using ACs up to July 2025, focusing on preparation methods, adsorption mechanisms, influencing factors, and optimization strategies. I analyzed isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic models, highlight low-cost and sustainable AC sources, and discuss challenges and future directions. Over 100 studies are reviewed, with data presented through charts and graphs to elucidate adsorption performance, material characteristics, and process efficiency.