Study of the comorbid association of inflammatory periodontal diseases and pathology of the nervous system

To date, periodontal tissue diseases are one of the most common and urgent problems in modern dentistry. Inflammatory periodontal diseases occur in all age groups along with caries and are one of the main mass pathologies of the dentofacial system. Characterized by a latent onset and chronic course, periodontitis in its first stages is a difficult to diagnose pathology of the dentofacial system, and when the process develops, it is a difficult condition to treat. Therefore, untimely diagnosis, inadequate treatment and progression of the process can be a major cause of tooth loss. The main factor influencing the development of inflammatory diseases is the vitality of periodontopathogenic microflora of the oral cavity. Inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues are accompanied by significant immunological shifts on the part of both the first and second lines of protection of periodontal tissues. The key role in the development of generalized inflammatory and ischemic periodontal lesions is played by disruption of the microcirculatory bloodstream of periodontal tissues. Hemomicrocirculatory disruptions provoke the development of metabolic disorders, dystrophic and degenerative changes in periodontal tissues, initiating a «vicious circle» of inflammatory reactions. In a significant number of cases, microcirculatory disorders are associated with cardiovascular, endocrine, systemic diseases, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, etc. Lack of timely diagnostic measures, in turn, predetermines prolonged and unsuccessful therapy of soft tissue periodontal inflammatory diseases. The presence of systemic pathology in the human body brings an important contribution to the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the periodontal complex. At the same time, comorbid conditions are characterized by their mutually aggravating course due to their close morphofunctional relationship. Almost all people with age experience a slowdown in metabolic processes and changes in the structure of brain cells, manifested by a decrease in cognitive abilities, memory and concentration of attention. The aim of the study was to assess the dental, neurological and cognitive statuses in patients with chronic periodontitis.