Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of Nanosized like rods Cr(III), Mn(II), and Ru(III) complexes with a novel Hydrazone ligand: Structural, DFT, biomedical, and molecular docking investigations

The present study reports the sonochemical synthesis of novel nanosized Cr(III), Mn(II), and Ru(III) complexes incorporating the 1-{[Bis-(4-bromo-phenyl)-methylene]-hydrazonomethyl}-naphthalen-2-ol ligand. The synthesized complexes were characterized using FT-IR, UV–Vis, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), confirming successful coordination of the ligand to the metal centers and the formation of stable complexes with distinct physicochemical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed nanosized rod-like structures with uniform distribution and well-defined morphology, demonstrating the effectiveness of the sonochemical route in producing controlled nanoscale features. Biological evaluations, including antimicrobial and antioxidant assays, indicated that the synthesized complexes exhibited significantly enhanced activity compared to the free ligand. The complexes showed potent antibacterial and antifungal effects against pathogenic strains, as well as strong antioxidant potential demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging. Furthermore, molecular docking studies provided valuable insights into the binding interactions of the complexes with biological targets, supporting the experimental results and clarifying their possible mechanisms of action. Overall, the findings highlight the efficiency of sonochemical synthesis in fabricating nanosized Cr(III), Mn(II), and Ru(III) complexes with improved physicochemical and biological properties, suggesting their promising potential for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.