Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its impact on quality of life among female medical undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a range of physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that occur cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These symptoms, primarily influenced by hormonal fluctuations, can impair daily functioning and significantly reduce quality of life among female undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2024 among 260 undergraduate female medical students. Participants were assessed using a structured, self-administered questionnaire that captured sociodemographic data, dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and symptom profiles. The Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form was used to identify PMS, a symptoms checklist was used to assess premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), while quality of life was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-36 (SCL-36). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi- square tests; a p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of PMS was found to be 88.46% among the participants. The most frequently reported symptoms were backaches, joint and muscle aches and followed by abdominal heaviness and discomfort. Students with PMS demonstrated significantly lower quality of life across various domains. A strong association was observed between PMS and unhealthy dietary patterns, physical inactivity, and poor sleep hygiene. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of medical students experienced distressing symptoms in the premenstrual phase, which adversely impacted their quality of life.