Human Versus Artificial Intelligence: Comparing Cochrane Authors' and ChatGPT's Risk of Bias Assessments

This study shows that ChatGPT-4o can perform risk of bias assessments using RoB 2 with fair to moderate agreement with human reviewers. While AI-assisted risk of bias assessment remains imperfect, advancements in prompt engineering and model refinement may enhance performance. Future research should explore standardised prompts and investigate interrater reliability among human reviewers to provide a more robust comparison.