Machine Learning-Based Naïve Bayes Classification of Pineapple Productivity: A Case Study in North Sumatra

Background: Pineapple is a major agricultural commodity in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra, where increasing demand calls for improved productivity. Although machine learning has been widely applied in agriculture, most prior studies on pineapple focus on fruit quality assessment or employ complex, less interpretable models, leaving a gap in lightweight and practical approaches for productivity classification. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the novelty and effectiveness of the Naïve Bayes algorithm in classifying pineapple productivity based on agronomic characteristics, addressing the underexplored use of this method for productivity prediction in pineapple cultivation. Methods: A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data from the Labuhan Batu Agricultural Extension Center, consisting of 52 records with seven agronomic parameters. The dataset was divided into 31 training and 21 testing samples, and the Naïve Bayes model was implemented using RapidMiner 7.1, with performance measured by accuracy. The small dataset size is recognized as a limitation that may affect generalizability. Results: The Naïve Bayes model achieved an accuracy of 86.67%, effectively distinguishing between productive and unproductive pineapples and demonstrating its suitability for agricultural classification tasks even with limited data. Conclusion: This study highlights the novelty and practicality of applying Naïve Bayes for pineapple productivity classification, offering an interpretable and computationally efficient alternative to more complex models. Future work should address dataset limitations by incorporating larger and more diverse samples and exploring hybrid or ensemble approaches to further enhance performance and support precision agriculture.