Assessment of serum vitamin D and calcium levels in reproductive age women with generalized periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome

Background. Low vitamin D levels may contribute to the development of generalized periodontitis (GP) by regulating bone metabolism and dysregulating immune functions, especially in the presence of additional risk factors. The development of GP in reproductive age women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the role of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in this context remain insufficiently studied. The aim was to conduct a comparative analysis of serum levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) and ionized calcium in reproductive age women with GP with or without PCOS. Materials and methods. The study group included 38 female patients aged 18–45 years with GP and a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS (group I). The comparison group consisted of 20 women with GP without gynecological disorders (group II, controls). The diagnosis and severity of GP were established according to M.F. Danilevsky’s classification; PCOS — ­using the Rotterdam criteria. Results. In women from group I with GP and PCOS, vitamin D level was significantly lower compared to controls (26.1 ± 10.7 pg/mL vs. 32.60 ± 9.83 pg/mL, p = 0.031), and vitamin 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency were significantly more frequent than in group II (p = 0.034). Patients in group I had higher levels of ionized calcium in the blood, although the difference was not statistically significant compared to group II (1.14 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs. 1.05 ± 0.06 mmol/L, p = 0.104). An increase in GP severity was associated with a decrease in vitamin D only in women from group I with PCOS (p = 0.032); no significant correlation was found between GP severity and calcium levels in either group (p = 0.491 and p = 0.739, respectively). Conclusions. In reproductive age women with PCOS, there was a statistically significant association between the severity of GP and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. It is advisable to assess vitamin D levels as a potential marker of the risk for development or progression of periodontitis in women diagnosed with PCOS.