Developing a Sustainable Business Model for Electric Motorcycle Conversion in Indonesia Using SBMC and PROMETHEE

The transportation sector accounts for approximately 37% of Indonesia’s final energy consumption, with 99.9% still relying on fossil fuels. This dependency increases energy subsidy burdens and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In response, the Indonesian government has introduced policies to promote battery electric vehicles, including incentives for converting internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles to electric. This study aims to develop a sustainable business model for motorcycle electrification in Indonesia using the Sustainable Business Model Canvas (SBMC) framework. To prioritize key business components, the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) method was applied. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 14 stakeholders and multi-criteria decision analysis. The findings highlight legality assurance, urban user targeting, and strategic partnerships as the most critical elements. The resulting SBMC provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry actors to accelerate electric motorcycle adoption and contribute to Indonesia’s Net Zero Emission goals through more energy-efficient and low-carbon transport solutions.