Effect of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Severity of Periodontal Disease: A Comparative Study

Objective: To compare mean serum vitamin D levels between patients with periodontitis and subjects with healthy periodontium and to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels with periodontitis Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Periodontology Department, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2023. Methodology: Thirty-eight cases diagnosed with periodontitis and 38 age and gender matched controls with healthy periodontium were selected. Subjects were screened for periodontitis. Periodontitis was classified according to the extent of probing depth, radiographic bone loss, and clinical attachment loss. Blood samples were taken to evaluate vitamin D3 levels. Results: Deficient serum vitamin D3 levels, i.e., <30ng/ml, were observed in 76.3% subjects. Mean serum vitamin D3 levels were 29.07±16.08 ng/ml. A statistically significant mean difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients and controls was observed (p<0.001). Association between periodontitis and low serum vitamin D3 levels was also significant, with all cases showing low serum vitamin D levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: The difference in mean serum vitamin D3 levels between periodontitis patients and controls was statistically significant (p<0.001). A significant association between periodontitis and low serum vitamin D levels was observed, with all cases showing low serum vitamin D levels (p<0.001).