Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Land Degradation Vulnerability in the Semi-Arid Parts of Katsina State, Nigeria

Land degradation poses a critical threat to sustainable livelihoods in semi-arid regions, particularly in northern Nigeria. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns of land degradation vulnerability in Katsina State, Nigeria, over a thirty-year period (1990 to 2020). Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, combined with the Modified Mediterranean Desertification Index (MMDI), the research mapped vulnerability levels (very low to very high) for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Results revealed a decline in very low vulnerability areas from 28.1% in 1990 to 8.6% in 2020, with moderate and high vulnerability zones expanding significantly. The findings highlighted increasing exposure of land resources to degradation, driven by climatic variability, agricultural expansion, and demographic pressures. This study provided an evidence-based foundation for achieving Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) targets in Katsina State. Based on the results, it is recommended that sustainable land management practices, community-based adaptation strategies, and policy interventions be prioritized to mitigate further degradation and promote resilience in the semi-arid environment.