Antidiabetic potential of Bixa orellana leaf ethanol extract: Enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake studies

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic potential of the ethanol extract of Bixa orellana leaves. Materials & Methods: The leaves of Bixa orellana were shade-dried and then subjected to ethanol extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. In vitro assays were performed to assess the inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, allowing us to determine the IC50 values. These tests evaluated the ethanol extract of Bixa orellana (EEBO) for its ability to reduce postprandial glucose absorption. Additionally, a rat hemi-diaphragm (skeletal muscle) model was employed to assess the effect of the extract on glucose uptake and its potential to enhance the utilization of blood glucose by peripheral tissues. Results: Both the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor assays demonstrated significant IC50 values, indicating the effectiveness of EEBO in inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and preventing increases in postprandial blood glucose levels. Furthermore, EEBO increased glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, highlighting its potential to sensitize insulin. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation suggest that the ethanol extract of Bixa orellana possesses significant anti-diabetic properties. The results indicate that the extract may enhance insulin secretion and reduce insulin resistance, contributing to its anti-diabetic effects.