Impact of climatic changes on rice biology: Genetic, physiological, and ecological perspectives

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for over half of the global population, making its productivity and quality essential for food security. Climate change, characterized by rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events, poses significant challenges to rice cultivation. This paper explores the multifaceted impacts of climate change on rice biology, focusing on genetic, physiological, and ecological aspects. It discusses strategies to enhance resilience through breeding, agronomic practices, and ecosystem-based approaches to safeguard rice cultivation in the face of climate change.