Role of Green Initiatives in Sustainable Performance of Manufacturing Sector: Moderation and Mediation Effects

The manufacturing industry is one where sustainability has changed its nature, no longer limited to regulation but transformed into a strategic resource generating competitive advantage. The study examines how green actions that green entrepreneurial orientation represents, innovation through Industry 4.0 technologies, and investment in environmental management systems mutually affect and contribute to sustainable performance. It also explores the mediation effects of innovation performance and the moderation effects of top management commitment (TMC) in a model inspired by the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Natural Resource Orchestration Theory. The model explains the interaction between technological invention and environmental strategy to create long-term value. These findings have implications for industrial policy, corporate leadership, and sustainability practice. By integrating digital transformation, innovation, and environmental responsibility, manufacturing firms can align environmental concerns with competitiveness in the global resource-active landscape.