Overcoming Knowledge Silos in Multimodal Transport Systems: A Knowledge Management Perspective

Multimodal transport systems are crucial for the efficient movement of freight, but organisational and sectoral knowledge silos hinder effective coordination and decision-making. This paper applies knowledge management (KM) principles to explore how transport and logistics companies can overcome these barriers, focusing on insights from the KEYSTONE project. The project surveyed transport and logistics operators, freight terminals, and enforcement authorities across the EU and the UK. A major challenge is the lack of a unified regulatory framework for multimodal transport. Variations in the implementation of international transport conventions across Member States cause regulatory fragmentation. Additionally, differing cross-border documentation requirements—such as customs declarations, vehicle registration, and driver permits—complicate knowledge sharing and real-time coordination. Technological challenges, particularly fragmented IT environments, hinder collaboration. Non-interoperable B2A (Business-to-Authority) and B2B (Business-to-Business) systems limit seamless data sharing, creating cross-border inefficiencies. Trust concerns, such as electronic signatures and document verification, further restrict digital tool adoption. To address this, KEYSTONE proposes an Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Model and Standard using Plug & Play principles to enhance interoperability across digital systems. This model streamlines data transfer, reducing inefficiencies and enabling real-time B2A and B2B information sharing. Cross-Border Governance provides a strategic framework for managing regulatory and procedural complexities. By fostering cooperation and developing common rules for cross-border operations, this approach ensures smoother integration between national systems and addresses challenges related to differing documentation and compliance requirements. KEYSTONE’s findings highlight the need for a common digital and regulatory framework to support multimodal transport operations. This paper presents the frameworks developed by the KEYSTONE consortium and discusses how it addresses both technical and regulatory barriers to knowledge sharing, helping overcome knowledge silos in multimodal transport.