Migrations and Resettlements in the Territory of Medieval Shirvan

Introduction. Studying the diverse ethnic composition of Shirvan in the Middle Ages provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of ethnicity, culture, and identity in the region. By scrutinizing the historical roots of the region’s ethnic diversity, it is possible to observe the shifting from one ethnic identity to another in historical perspective. Methods and materials. Aiming to shed light on the migrations to the region based on the primary sources of the time, the paper studies medieval migrations and resettling populations in the case of Shirvan. This study is based on the medieval textual sources and archaeological findings, implementing methods of comparison and interdisciplinary approaches to mapping ethnic diversity. Analysis. The location of the region at the Darband passage and along the transit trade routes determined its ethnic diversity. Due to its strategic importance, the region was subject to invasions by neighboring leading powers of the medieval era. To strengthen their control, these powers enforced the propagation of their religion and resettled new populations. The resettlement of Persian-speaking populations during the Sassanid and Arab conquests, along with the influx of Arab tribes, contributed to the ethno-linguistic landscape of Shirvan. The arrival of Turkic tribes over the centuries played a significant role in shaping the demographic composition of Shirvan. Results. The migrations and interactions of these and other groups have created a complex societal structure in Shirvan, marked by a variety of languages, traditions, and religious practices. Authors’ contribution. L.A. Aliyeva developed the basic concept and methodological foundations of the study, prepared the introduction article and the main results of the study, and analyzed the pre-Seljuk period. Kh. Karim analyzed the Seljuk and Mongol periods based on Persian-language sources.