Soilless Farming Techniques for Sustainable Food Production in Nigeria

In the face of escalating food insecurity, climate change, and land degradation, sustainable innovations in agriculture are urgently required, particularly in developing nations like Nigeria. This study, conducted in 2024, examines the role of soilless farming systems, namely hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics, as sustainable alternatives to conventional soil-based agriculture. The primary objective is to evaluate how soilless farming can enhance food security, climate resilience, and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria, in line with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). A qualitative methodology was used, employing a comprehensive literature review of recent academic journals, institutional reports, and international data sources from 2013 to 2024. The review identified key benefits including year-round cultivation, efficient water and nutrient use, and reduced reliance on arable land. It also revealed challenges such as limited awareness among farmers, high initial investment costs, inadequate infrastructure, and weak regulatory support. Findings show that soilless farming, if properly implemented, can improve agricultural productivity, reduce environmental degradation, and create employment, particularly for urban youth. The study concludes with recommendations for government policy reforms, increased private sector investment, and capacity-building initiatives to accelerate the adoption of soilless farming practices in Nigeria.