Native type II collagen in musculoskeletal disorders: current practice and future directions

Collagen is a primary structural protein of connective tissue, accounting for over a quarter of all body proteins. Among 29 known collagen types, type II collagen is particularly significant as it forms the foundation of articular cartilage. Unlike hydrolyzed forms, native type II collagen (UC–II) maintains its original chemical structure, enabling it to function as an oral tolerance inducer. Clinical studies demonstrate effectiveness of UC–II in reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and improving joint function in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A promising development direction involves marinederived collagen preparations with enhanced safety profiles. Large-scale studies are needed to optimize dosage regimens and administration methods.