Formulating Defense Policy: Main Considerations and Evaluation Criteria

This article examines the process of formulating defense policy by analyzing the key considerations and evaluation criteria that underpin effective decision-making. Drawing on historical developments from the post-Cold War era to current geopolitical challenges, the study emphasizes the importance of balancing strategic ends with available means within a resource-constrained and uncertain planning environment. It outlines the key elements in defense policymaking—defining objectives, strategy, and capabilities—and highlights how risk assessment plays a central role in aligning force structure with national security goals and resource allocation. Through qualitative analysis and illustrative figures, the study offers practical recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the need for a systematic, adaptable, and transparent policymaking process. Ultimately, the article argues that a rational and disciplined approach to defining both ends and means, combined with creative exploration, is essential for preparing for the uncertainty of today’s security environment. A follow-up study will focus on the processes, stakeholders, and cultural factors in shaping defense policy.