UROLITÍASE EM CÃES E GATOS: ABORDAGEM CLÍNICA, DIAGNÓSTICA E TERAPÊUTICA ATUAL

Urolithiasis is a prevalent condition in dogs and cats, characterized by the formation of calculi in the urinary tract, whose composition, location, and clinical impact vary according to factors such as species, breed, sex, diet, and comorbidities. This study aimed to review and critically analyze the scientific literature on the epidemiological aspects, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition, providing evidence-based support for veterinary practice. It is a narrative literature review conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar, considering publications from 2001 to 2023, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, prioritizing sources with verifiable pagination. The results show that struvite remains predominant in dogs, while calcium oxalate has significantly increased in cats over recent decades. Early diagnosis, obtained through the combination of urinalysis and imaging, is crucial for therapeutic success. Treatment choice should consider the composition of the calculus, with medical, surgical, or minimally invasive approaches being possible, associated with personalized preventive strategies. It is concluded that effective management of urolithiasis requires integration between accurate diagnosis, appropriate therapeutic intervention, and targeted prevention, emphasizing the importance of continuing education and periodic monitoring to reduce the incidence and recurrence of the disease.