Carbamazepine-Induced Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe and potentially life-threatening adverse reaction to medications. The exact underlying mechanisms of DRESS syndrome remain incompletely understood. The most frequent manifestations include fever, cutaneous rash, lymphadenopathy, and deranged hepatic biochemistry. Timely identification and cessation of the offending drug is critical in the effective management of the syndrome. Most patients with DRESS syndrome experience complete recovery upon discontinuation of the causative drug. A subset of patients may experience a protracted course with relapses and autoimmune complications, such as autoimmune thyroiditis or type 1 diabetes, necessitating long-term monitoring. Here, we report a case of carbamazepine-induced DRESS syndrome. In this case, prompt cessation of carbamazepine and treatment with systemic steroids led to complete resolution of symptoms and normalization of liver function. This case underscores the importance of promptly recognizing and managing this condition to ensure favorable outcomes and patient safety.