Cholesterol differentially modulates the activity of opioid and muscarinic receptors via a common binding site
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that represent the largest and most therapeutically targeted receptor class, accounting for 30% of currently marketed drugs. Two binding motifs for membrane cholesterol, the cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) domain and the cholesterol consensus motif (CCM), have been postulated. Using a simulation of the molecular dynamics of cholesterol association with the receptor, we predicted the binding of membrane cholesterol to non-canonical sites, distinct from CRAC and CCM, at muscarinic and opioid receptors. We identified a binding site common to muscarinic and opioid receptors at TM6, with arginine 6.35 as the major residue. Membrane cholesterol depletion mimics the effects of R<sup>6.35</sup> mutations, confirming its role in receptor modulation. Targeting cholesterol-binding sites offers novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies, including tissue-specific sterol-based modulation.
Authors
- Nikolai Chetverikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-0319)
- Alena Randáková (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-6494)
- Ján Jakubík (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-1487)
- Dominik Nelic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-3225)
Institutions
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology (CZ)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Biochemical Pharmacology
- Published
- 2025-08-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117296
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.81