One-pot synthesis of multifunctional iron- and manganese-loaded biochar from durian husks for photo-Fenton degradation of tartrazine

The current research proposes a novel approach to fabricate multifunctional iron-and manganese-loaded biochar (FeMn/BC) through one-pot pyrolysis of FeCl-and KMnO-impregnated durian husks (DHs).Analytical results indicated the presence of 5.72 wt% Fe (FeO and Fe 0 ) and 2.90 wt% Mn (MnO) within the biochar (BC) matrix.Regarding porous properties, FeMn/BC possessed a specific surface area (S BET ) of 292 m/g and a total pore volume (V total ) of 0.19 cm/g.Accordingly, FeMn/BC was explored as a photo-Fenton catalyst for tartrazine (TZ) degradation.At pH 3.0, 200 ppm HO, and UV light, 0.50 g/L FeMn/BC treated 92.0%TZ (50 ppm) within 10 min of adsorption and 120 min of oxidation.In addition, FeMn/BC with a saturation magnetization (M S ) of 5.13 emu/g could be separated from treated mixtures by external magnetic fields.Overall, the multifunctional FeMn/BC prepared from DH waste demonstrated its magnetic separability and efficacy in treating TZ.